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Escape on 20 June 1942

ESCAPES FROM AUSCHWITZ

ESCAPES FROM AUSCHWITZ

Escape on 20 June 1942

Escape of the Poles Eugeniusz Bendera, Kazimierz Piechowski, Stanisław Jaster, Józef Lempart on 20 June 1942 

Eugeniusz Bendera, Kazimierz Piechowski, Stanisław Jaster and Józef Lempart were employed in the Hauptwirtschaftslager Kommando [HWL—main SS garrison equipment repository]. On Saturday 20 June 1942, they dared an exceptional escape from the camp. It had been planned and prepared in detail in advance. On that day in the afternoon, when most prisoners and SS men finished their work, they left the camp. They reported in the guard house that a Kommando consisting of four persons had to leave in order to take out the rubbish. The SS man on duty noted down this fact, without paying particular attention to the prisoners. Without problems they reached the HWL building, which was already closed at the time. Through the hatch opened in advance, they sneaked into the basement from where, using bump keys, they moved on to the repositories. A crowbar was only necessary to open the weapons storage door. A continuation, the escapeesput SS uniforms on and grabbed the weapons. Eugeniusz Bendera took Steyer 220 car from the nearby SS garage. The vehicle was used by SS-Hauptsturmführer Paul Kreutzmann, head of the HWL. Shortly after, they left the repository area driving the car. While crossing the checkpoint of the large guard chain, Piechowski, disguised in the uniform of the senior SS man, ordered with his hand to lift the gate. The guard did not stop thevehicle, carried out the order and the escapees left the area around the camp. Near Maków Podhalański their mean of transport broke down, so they were forced  to continue their route walking. 


Kazimierz Piechowski and Eugeniusz Bendera reached the Kielce region, where the first of them joined the Home Army (AK) and fought in its ranks until the end of the war. The latter, having obtained fake documents, was employed in Organisation Todt, where he worked as a car mechanic in Ukraine. He lived there until the arrival of the Red Army and then came back to Poland. Józef Lempart, in turn, was hiding in the vicinity of Maków Podhalański, in the Zachełmna village, where his parents came from. He also managed to survive until the end of the war. 


Witold Pilecki, one of the leaders of the camp resistance movement, knew about the escape. He provided one of the escapees, Stanisław Jaster, with a report about the situation in the camp in order to deliver it to the leaders of the Home Army. Jaster probably completed the task and then became a soldier of the special operations unit, code-named Kosa-Osa, subordinated to the Home Army Headquarters. He perished in Warsaw in the autumn of 1943 in mysterious circumstances. 


The escape, for the reasons which remain unknown, did not result in any major repressions in the camp. But the parents of Stanisław Jaster were incarcerated in the camp; they both perished. Exceptional ingenuity and courage lifted the spirits of many prisoners. The escape itself quickly became a camp legend, shared by the prisoners. 

The initial part of the prisoners’ escape route within the large guard chain. German aerial photograph taken in 1941.

Source: A-BSMA

Testimony of Eugeniusz Bendera:

In the plan I prepared I predicted we had to flee by car disguised as SS men.. We began therefore concrete preparations. Following my instructions, Jaster broke the locks of the room ofour commander Kreutzmann, so that. I had to repair them. I used this opportunity to make some bump keys. In this way, three locks were broken: in the door between  the basement andthe boiler room, the one to the staircase and the one to the  Kreutzmann’s office. For the escape I chose Austrian Steyer 220 car and conducted a thorough repair thereof. … I would like to explain at this point, that the vehicle did not belong to Rudolf Höss, the camp commandant, but to our boss Kreutzmann. ...

Source: Eugeniusz Bendera, A-BSMA, Testimonies Fonds, vol. 27, p. 68.

Testimony of Józef Lempart:

On Saturday 20 June 1942, together with the entire Kommando employed in HWL, we headed towards the main camp around noon for lunch. Our Kommando would not come back on Saturday afternoon to work within HWL premises, as the SS men were not in their offices. So, the prisoners of our Kommando were used after lunch for different random works. After lunch we hid in the attic of block 15 and, as the Kommandos left to do the works assigned to them, all four of us … escaped from the attic and headed behind the camp kitchen, where a rubbish trolley was standing. It was used for transporting ash and other garbage to the landfill outside the camp. Pretending to be prisoners from the camp kitchen, we quickly topped the trolley up with rubbish and went beyond the camp gate. Kazimierz Piechowski, as the one who knew the German language best, reported his number to the SS man on duty and added “three”. … It meant that the three of us, “supervised” by Piechowski, were leaving the camp and entering the large guard chain (grosse Postenkette) in order to take out the rubbish. The SS man noted Piechowski’s number and then gave us a sign to leave. Having passed the camp gate, we headed towards the piggery and stable, where the already mentioned rubbish pile was located. We stopped the trolley next to the pile, turned it aside and quickly headed towards HWL premises. The trolley, turned aside, was supposed to look like during the process of its emptying. … We crossed the railway tracks to the main HWL building from its side. …

Source: Józef Lempart, A-BSMA, Testimonies Fonds, vol. 4, pp. 573‒574.

Testimony of Kazimierz Piechowski:

 … We quickly reached the repository. Near the rail ramp, empty wagons were standing, unloaded by us in the morning. The circumstances were favourable for us as the wagons covered the coke bunker adjacent to the repository, where steel hatch flaps were. I jumped with Józek towards the hatch. We are trying to open the flap. Staszek was carefully watching what was going on around us. In spite of huge effort, the flap remained still as if it had been welded. I checked again if we were opening the right hatch. That’s the right one! My entire body shivered. What if, when we left, somebody noticed a missing screw and closed the hatch with another one? Were we supposed to fail right here, which would be the least probable for us? “Józek, let’s try again”. I saw Józek’s hands shaking and I knew that we were not going to do it. I ran towards Staszek “Help”, I said, “we can’t do it”. He aptly jumped towards us and found himself on the bunker. He put his fingers under the flap, slowly lifting it up. Now we could  openin the hatch easily. We jumped inside, one by one. Staszek was the last and he closed the flap. … 

Source: Kazimierz Piechowski. A-BSMA, Testimonies Fonds, vol. 154, pp. 63‒64.

Testimony of Eugeniusz Bendera: 

We reached the building by one of the several hatches. … and  jumped to the coal storage. With the key, that we had brought, the boiler room door was opened. … We took two steel crowbars from the boiler room and opened the door of Kreutzmann’s office also with a bump key. Keys to all the doors of the repository were hanging in a glazed cupboard. Unfortunately, the door to weapon storage was additionally padlocked and we did not have the key. So, we used a crowbar instead. …


Disguised in SS uniforms, we grabbed rifles, guns, hand grenades, munitions. Apart from weapons, we also collected some food. Having performed all these actions, I left through the side door and walked towards the garage, I left later in the Steyer 220 car. I drove towards the side entrance and turned back. My friend, already wearing SS uniforms, went through the door and get into  the auto. In the meantime, I went inside and changed my striped outfit into the SS uniform. Disguised in this way, I left and closed the door. An SS guard was watching the entire scene from the tower. The fact that I drove the vehicle did not raise any suspicion as I used to do it often on Kreutzmann’s order. I then sat behind the wheel, and we set off. 

Source: Eugeniusz Bendera. A-BSMA, Testimonies Fonds, vol. 27, p. 69. 

Testimony of Józef Lempart:

Having taken off prisoner underwear, we started to put on the underwear worn by the SS men, and Piechowski, who was apt in sewing, was sewing on the insignia, prepared in consultation with camp tailors. …


Bendera put his prisoner blouse on the SS underwear and as we descended to the ground floor, we opened side door to the building with a bump key. Bendera left the building and, as a prisoner, walked a few dozen meters between the main building and the garage. He opened the garage gate with a key and drove out of the garage in the Steyer 220 car, … then he drove towards the side door, where we were waiting in the SS disgu. While Bendera was completing his SS outfit in the hall of the building, we moved the stolen items to the car. When we finished changing our clothes, Bendera closed the gate … and sat behind the wheel. With helmets on our heads, belts fastened under the chin, rifles in front of us we began our escape. … While passing next to the main gate, I took a look at a large clock on the front of the building. It was 3:45 p.m. Having reached the road going next to the main building, we headed towards the train station. …

Source: Józef Lempart. A-BSMA, Testimonies Fonds, vol. 4, pp. 575‒576. 

Testimony of Kazimierz Piechowski:

The worst was the fact that we did not know what the procedure of crossing the gate was. Genek knew the way, he knew how to get there. But he had no idea what happened at the exact moment of passing the border. As it was a matter of life and death, we had to agree on what to do if the gate would not be raised for us. Yeah, it seemed to be really simple. I’llthrow two grenades and they should be  gone. I’ll open the gate myself, we cross it and gain the freedom. But one can figure out, with just a little bit of imagination, what would happen in the camp. Prisoners would overtake the weapons and attack the SS men. Hundreds, or even thousands of us would go to gas. If something like this happened it would mean that we failed, unfortunately we lost to them. We were going on with hope wearingthe SS uniforms and we’ve got the car with the SS license plate. … Maybe this will be enough without any documents. But they were not lifting the gate. We still had about sixty, seventy meters. Genek geared down, into the third gear. They were not opening. We hade about forty meters to the gate. One bastard was sitting in the Postenbude [guard booth]. Light machine gun with tape inside. The second one was sitting down at the table, on the other side. MP [machine gun] on the belt. They were not opening. Genek geared down to the first gear. We were barely advancing. Fifteen, ten steps to the gate. During these last meters I was not in the camp anymore. I was with my mom. I was saying goodbye. Then I felt a hard hit at the back of my neck and I heard a voice hissing behind my ear: “Kazik, do something!” I woke up… I opened the car door… I stuck out my arm so that he could see the insignia and shouted: “Mach hierauf! [Open up!] What the hell, are you sleeping?! How long are we supposed to be waiting here?!” The SS man jumped up to the crank and lifted the barrier gate. We were  approaching slowly. The SS men greeted us, extending straightened arms. I extended it too, negligently: “Heil Hitler!” We crossed the gate. 

Source: Kazimierz Piechowski. A-BSMA, Testimonies Fonds, vol. 154, pp. 66‒67.

Testimony of Józef Lempart: 

The day was sunny with not a single cloud in the sky. Initially we intended to take the road towards Zator to reach Wadowice, but … we got on a dirt road and reached Wadowice driving through Grojec, Osiek, Gierałtowice. We wanted to cross the border of the General Government in Zembrzyce, where a bridge on the Skawa river was. However, the bridge was destroyed by flood. We had to continue our drive to Sucha, then towards Maków Podhalański. Near Maków we turned into the direction of the quarries and got into the forest. We were driving up to the moment when the car was damaged on a bumpy road. We left the car, abandoning helmets and unnecessary objects next to it and we went into the forest. 

Source: Józef Lempart. A-BSMA, Testimonies Fonds, vol. 4, p. 576.